IntrinsicIntrinsic

Stock Valuation Estimates

Estimate the fair value of any company using four independent methods. Each one sees the business through a different lens — together they give you a range of plausible values to reason from, not a single answer to accept blindly.

Popular
Methods
Graham Number
√(22.5 × EPS × Book Value per Share)

A conservative floor value anchored in tangible fundamentals — earnings and book value. If a company trades below this number, you may be buying a dollar for less than a dollar. Designed for asset-heavy businesses; understates companies whose worth is in intangibles.

Earnings Power Value
Normalized operating earnings ÷ required return

Values only the earnings a business produces today, with zero growth assumed. If the stock trades below EPV, you are getting growth optionality for free. By design, EPV ignores all future expansion — it is a conservative baseline.

DCF Fair Value
Projected free cash flow discounted to present value

Projects historical free cash flow trends forward and discounts them back to today's dollars. Captures full long-term value but is sensitive to growth assumptions — small changes in inputs can swing the result significantly.

P/E Fair Value
EPS × target P/E multiple

The most intuitive shortcut: what price should this company fetch given a reasonable earnings multiple? The default multiple is the company's own long-run historical average. Combine with a cash-flow method for a more complete picture.

Valuation estimates are models, not investment advice. Use them as one input among many, not as a definitive answer.